What are novel neurotechnologies?

In contrast to established interventional neurotechnologies such as electroconvulsion or brain prostheses, that have been discussed for several decades, 'novel neurotechnologies' are in the early stages of translation from the laboratory to use in medical treatment or in other, non-medical settings.

Examples of novel neurotechnologies include:

Neurostimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS)

This involves the placement of an electrode inside the brain with a wire running down the neck connected to a battery pack or pulse generator under the skin in the chest or abdomen.

  • Currently used to treat Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke and severe obsessive compulsive disorders.

  • Research is underway into its use to treat obesity, Tourette's syndrome, anorexia, addictions.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

This involves the application of a magnetic field to induce electrical currents into the brain. It is a non-invasive procedure.

  • Curently used in several countries to treat depression, or to enhance cognitive functions such as attention, understanding, perception.

  • Future applications may include treatment for severe migraines.

  • There is significant interest in the development of non-medical applications of TMS such as enhancement of mood and cognitive skills such as problem-solving and memory.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs)

A BCI is a system for measuring and analysing brain signals and translating them into outputs such as computer-based communication or control of a device.

  • Possible medical uses that have been identified include restoring communication for patients with 'locked-in syndrome' and developing a BCI-controlled wheelchair for people who are paralysed.

  • Non-medical uses of BCIs such as computer games and military applications are also being investigated.

Neuron replacement therapy (NRT)

NRT uses transplanted neuronal cells or stem cells to replace cells that are lost in disease or enhance the growth of new neurons.

  • It is being investigated as a means of treating neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease.